 | Genesis of Genetic Codes and Other Semeiotic Systems by means of Neural-Network-like Hierarchical Sociogenesis and Bio-Machinogenesis
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| | Koji Ohnishi1), Shouken Hokari1) and Daiji Kambe1) |
| | 1) Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Niigata University |
| | Well-made biomachines such as animal body, bee (eu-)society [=bee super-organism (SO)], and intra-cellular genetic apparatus could have most plausibly emerged by hierarchical sociogenesis of lower-level individuals (which are unicell animals, bee individuals, and tRNA ribo-organisms (RO), respectively) [Ohnishi, 1993a, b, c; Ohnishi et al., 1999]. Both bee SO and animal body are altruistic kin society consisting of fertile queen individuals (queen bees, germ line uni-cell organisms) and worker individuals (worker bees, somatic line uni-cell organisms), where altruism has evolved by kin selection [Hamilton 1964; Ross & Mathew 1989]. In the emergence of protein-synthesizing/genetic machine, early RNA replicator ROs would have evolved to be early tRNA ROs whose life cycle consists of tRNA-phase and tDNA-phase. Such early tRNA individuals would have associated together to make a co-operative tRNA society in which some of them would have co-operatively behaved to other tRNAs, and have began to behave as earliest mRNAs which assisted tRNA’s peptide-synthesis (Ohnishi, 1993; Ohnishi et al., 1999). |
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